Tech Tip – Timeline For Windows 10

Currently being tested and likely to come out soon in an update is a browser history for your Windows desktop known as ‘Timeline’. This feature will allow you to search through files, apps and sites you’ve previously had open, and jump back and pick up what you were doing.

What’s more, it will extend to PCs, Android handsets and iPhones running Microsoft’s Cortana. This means that you will be able to resume what you were doing on another device. Cortana will also suggest tasks to continue.

How it will work:

  • An icon will be added (bottom left, next to search) on the Windows 10 desktop.
  • Clicking the icon will show the running applications.
  • Timeline activities will be displayed below this, plus a vertical dated timeline will be shown on the right hand side of the screen. You will be able to see activities you were working on in the past, and quickly click back to them.

Keep an eye out for this helpful feature in the next update.

UK Most Targeted Region For Cyber Threats

The Malwarebytes annual State of Malware report has revealed that the UK is now the most targeted region in the world for cyber threats.

Big Rises

The UK has been elevated to the unenviable position at the top of the targets table after a huge 165% increase in UK bound ransomware was recorded, and after a 134% rise in hijacking attempts against British machines. This means that as well as being most at risk, the UK’s ransomware attack rate is now double that of the US.

Why Is The UK Being Targeted?

One reason is that ransomware use worldwide saw a 90+% increase against businesses in 2017 up until the end of year, when ransomware’s use began to decrease as criminals turned more to the use of banking Trojans and cryptocurrency mining. In 2017, the UK was famously hit by the massive WannaCry ransomware attack, which is believed to have originated in North Korea, claimed victims in 150 countries, and led to around 130,000 infections of computers. Older computer systems, such as those in the NHS, were particularly badly affected.

Spyware Increase

The Malwarebytes data also showed a big increase in the use of spyware last year – an increase of 882%.

Move To Trojans

The report data also shows that cyber-criminals are turning to different attack methods as awareness is raised about ransomware and more measures are taken to combat it. For example, Trojans are now being used in more than 20% of global attacks, and the use of banking Trojans doubled in the second half of 2017.

Earlier this month, security researchers discovered a new type of malware (called Android.banker.A2f8a) targeting 232 banking apps on Android devices, stealing login details, hijacking SMSs, as well as uploading contact lists and SMSs on a malicious server. Banking Trojans of this kind can spy on the credentials entered by the user, and intercept incoming and outgoing SMS.

Move To Crypotocurrency Mining

It appears that cyber-criminals are also moving into cryptocurrency mining, using cryptomining tools to exploit malware infected machines in order to generate and steal digital currencies. Criminals were attracted by the rapid growth in the value of cyptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Malwarebytes is reported to have blocked an average of 8 million drive-by mining attempts each day in September.

A recent report by Ernst & Young has also highlighted the fact that 10% of all funds raised through Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) are stolen by hackers using techniques such as Phishing.

What Does This Mean For Your Business?

In 2018, some security experts and commentators are predicting a further rise in the use of drive-by mining tools, new mining platforms and new forms of malware to steal virtual currencies. It seems that 2018’s criminals are more likely to be interested in simply stealing than rather than trying to hold businesses to ransom.

The IoT may continue to be a target, and businesses should be careful to guard against supply chain attacks, malware possibly targeting Mac computers, and more weaponised zero-day vulnerabilities. Giving 3rd parties in your company supply chain / value chain access to systems and sensitive data, combined with increased levels of sophistication in hacking tools and strategies, plus increased oversight from regulators, and potentially ‘weak link’ companies in terms of cyber-security now make the risk of supply chain attack very real for companies in 2018.

Businesses need to increase cyber-security awareness and training, and employ a holistic risk-based authentication infrastructure across multiple vectors in order to stay one step ahead of the developing cyber threat.

The use of enhanced technologies, and the assistance of greater regulation for cryptocurrencies may also help to reduce some of the risks shown in the Malwarebytes report.

Military Bases Exposed By Fitness App

A user activity ‘heat map’ published by fitness tracker Strava has unwittingly revealed the location and structure of military bases in other countries.

How?

The app, made by San Francisco-based Strava, uses a mobile phone’s GPS to track a subscriber’s exercise activity. Although the new version of the app, introduced in November last year, is reported to be built from a billion activities – three trillion points of data, covering 27 billion km (17bn miles) of distance run, jogged or swum, the data used to produce a ‘heatmap’ of user activity is not live data.

The latest heatmap published by the company, showing the paths its users log as they run or cycle, is intended to show the app’s popularity and is actually made from aggregated data from activities recorded between 2015 and September 2017.

Revealed

Unfortunately for Strava, since military personnel engage in regular exercise, and are generally limited to following the same exercise routes in or close to the base where they are stationed, Strava’s heatmap of user activity reveals the outline of military bases and the most popular routes taken by the soldiers there.

Danger

Even though the location and outline of many military bases are already known from satellite imagery, the heatmap from the app exposes the regular routes taken by soldiers when they are most likely not armed and at their most vulnerable. Also, the heatmap could expose the routes taken by other personnel such as aid workers and NGO staffers in more remote areas. All of this could mean that the app is exposing soldiers and other personnel to danger from attack or kidnap by state and non-state actors e.g. in countries such as Syria, Yemen, Niger, Afghanistan or Djibouti.

There is also a danger that hackers could access Strava’s database and find the details of individual users.

UK Personnel at Risk Too

Even though Strava is a US app, it has also been reported that user activity at the UK’s RAF base at Mount Pleasant in the Falkland Islands was also exposed by the app’s heatmap.

Privacy Settings

Privacy settings do exist on the app but the onus is on the user to explicitly opt out of data collection for the heatmap.

US Already Takes Measures To Protect

The US government already takes measures to guard against similar risks to those posed by the app heatmap. For example, it has already published a tract called Enhanced Assessments and Guidance Are Needed to Address Security Risks in DOD, and in 2016, banned Pokémon GO from government-issued mobile phones.

What Does This Mean For Your Business?

This is not the first time that the negative aspects of fitness-tracking device companies and their activities have been featured in the news i.e. that the devices are transmitters as well as recorders of data about us. Back in February 2016, a study by a Canadian research team revealed that popular types of fitness trackers actually transmit a signal via bluetooth that could act as an ‘identifier’ signal that could be picked up by beacons that are now being used by retail stores and shopping centres to track, recognise and profile customers.

In the case of Strava, although the company could be forgiven to an extent because of the relatively unforeseen risk that its activities may have caused, there is an argument that a better approach would be to make the device opt-out by default, and to give users the choice to opt-in should they wish to. It may also have been better to avoid publishing any heatmaps, and to simply publish some statistics instead.

In addition to the possible risk to the life of service personnel (and others) that the map has caused, it has also highlighted other important issues relating to fitness-tracking devices and consumer protection e.g. data protection and privacy implications, the risk of hacking the devices, and the need for greater transparency about what is stored and transmitted by the devices.

Companies producing devices that store and transmit personal data need to ensure that they comply with data protection laws, and that they are mindful of potential identifiers and other security risks.

UK’s Digital Snooping Powers Illegal

A legal challenge by Labour MP Tom Watson against the UK government’s own digital mass surveillance legislation laws introduced in 2014 has led to a court deciding that the laws were illegal.

Legislation

The legislation that was successfully challenged in court was the Data Retention and Investigatory Powers Act (DRIPA), which was actually replaced at the end of 2016 by The Investigatory Powers Act, also known as the Snooper’s Charter.

What Was Wrong With DRIPA?

DRIPA required communications companies to store detailed personal information e.g. people’s mobile phone data, their emails, texts and internet communications.

Tom Watson has been reported as saying that, back in 2014, DRIPA was rushed through Parliament just before recess, and therefore lacked proper parliamentary scrutiny. This meant that one section was inconsistent with EU law. It was this section that UK judges agreed was illegal because it granted spy agencies and law enforcement access to UK citizens’ phone records and internet activity for reasons other than using the details to fight serious crime, all without seeking or getting approval from a court or independent authority.

What Difference Does This Make?

Even though DRIPA is defunct, many of those who objected to DRIPA have said that in the light of the court’s ruling, the current Investigatory Powers Act should be changed accordingly, and that a system of independent approval for access to communications data needs to be put in place.

Digital rights Charity Liberty is reported as saying that the judgement tells ministers that they are breaching the public’s human rights, and that the latest incarnation of the Investigatory Powers Act must now be changed.

Already Heading That Way Says The Government

The Security minister Ben Wallace is reported as saying that the government had already announced that it would amend the Investigatory Powers Act to address the two areas in which the Court of Appeal found against the previous data retention regime.

Current Snooper’s Charter In Crowdfunded Challenge

The current Investigatory Powers Act is being challenged separately by the charity Liberty with the help of £50,000 crowdfunding. Liberty wants to challenge the Charter on the argument that surveillance of everybody in the UK may not be lawful or necessary, and that whistleblowers and experts have warned that the powers would actually make it more difficult for security services to do their jobs effectively.

There are also the arguments that the new law puts too much power in the state’s hands, could be an invasion of privacy, and that the government’s storing of large amounts of sensitive information about each of us could in itself be irresponsible and a security risk.

Some critics have also expressed suspicions about the motives of the UK government for introducing the law e.g. to censor and control rather than to protect.

What Does This Mean For Your Business?

The ruling by the European Court of Justice back in December 2016 that DRIPA was unlawful, coupled with this latest agreement by judges with Tom Watson’s challenge will strengthen the need for the UK government to act quickly to make changes to what has been controversial legislation.

Most people would probably agree that people in the UK need to be protected from terrorist attacks, and that children and young people need to be protected from predatory behaviour and the activities of paedophiles online. Although the Investigatory Powers Act may include measures that could help with that, many people and businesses (communications companies, social media companies, web companies etc) are uneasy with the extent of the legislation and what it forces companies to do, how necessary it is, and what effect it will have on businesses publicly known to be snooping on their customers on behalf of the state. The 200,000+ signatures on a petition calling for the repeal of the Investigatory Powers Act after it became law, and the £50,000 crowdfunding raised from the public in less than a week to fight the bill, both emphasise the fact that UK citizens value their privacy and take the issues of privacy and data security very seriously.

Facebook Pushes Local News

In a move to improve the quality and trustworthiness of content, and to increase civic engagement, Facebook has announced that it will be focusing on local news sources.

Misleading News Problems

Even though Mark Zuckerberg has been keen to promote the view that the change to the prominence given to local community news sources in News Feeds will make people more aware of what is happening in their communities and, therefore, more likely to get involved, many commentators see it simply as a further move to distance itself from accusations of spreading misinformation.

What Happened?

After the last US election and accusations of Facebook being used to spread misinformation which may have influenced the result, Facebook released figures ahead of a Senate hearing showing that Russia-based operatives uploaded 80,000 posts to Facebook in the last 2 years. This meant that 29 million Americans may have seen the posts directly, and 26 million Americans have seen, ( and perhaps been influenced by) liked and shared messages and comments that could have originated in Russia.

Since then, Facebook has tried to distance itself from any ways in which it could be used for the spread of misinformation e.g. by adjusting its centrepiece News Feed to prioritize what friends and family share, and by reducing the amount of non-advertising content from publishers and brands (to the alarm of Facebook investors).

What Will The New Change Mean?

This latest change is likely to mean that Facebook will begin to promote or prioritise local over national news.

There will also be a “See First” feature that will allow users to choose which news sources, including local or national publications, they want to see at the top of their feeds.

The update to Facebook’s algorithms will first be rolled out in the United States and expanded to more countries later this year.

What Does This Mean For Your Business?

If you are a local publisher, smaller local business, and / or your business is actively involved in the community, this kind of change could be good news. If you’re a larger brand or publisher (publishing non-advertising content), this is unlikely to welcome news.

For Facebook investors, this change is likely to make them worry that it could cause people to spend less time on Facebook. This would be bad from both a financial and a competitive point of view, since Facebook is facing challenges from other, newer and popular social media platforms e.g. WhatsApp. This may have been one of the reasons why, in December 2017, Facebook launched its ‘Messenger Kids’ standalone app (essentially Facebook for children). Many saw the introduction of Facebook Messenger as a way to bring a new, young generation of users to Facebook’s platform in difficult times, to find a way to compete with other platforms for the attention of other users, and to do so in a way that has the approval and involvement of parents, particularly if children are going to use social networks anyway.

Amazon Announces SMS Messaging Via Alexa

Amazon has announced that it is introducing a service that will allow users of Alexa devices to send text messages to any contact via the digital assistant using just their voice.

Builds Upon Alexa Calling

The new service builds upon the Alexa Calling service introduced last year, which allowed owners of the Echo Dot to call a friend’s landline via the device, and to use it to call or message a friend if they had a smartphone with the Alexa app downloaded (and Alexa Calling enabled).

The difference with this new service is that, as well as being able to use the Alexa Calling service, voice dictated SMS messages can be sent using Alexa to recipients who don’t even have an Alexa device (Amazon Echo) of their own. With the new service, Alexa will decide which route is appropriate and will set up the communication accordingly.

Too Much Information

When the free Alexa calling service was introduced, Amazon faced criticism that the Alexa app tried to import users’ entire address books. This led to Amazon having to introduce contact blocking.

Just Android & Just In The US

Before you get too excited, as of now the new service will initially only be available in the US for Alexa devices that support Alexa calling and messaging, and will only work with Android phones. Amazon has reportedly said that it can’t yet offer a similar feature for iPhone users because Apple doesn’t offer their messaging API to third-parties.

How To Use The Service

User instructions are issued via a pop-up in the Alexa app on Android, and in the ‘Conversations’ tab of the app, users select ‘Contacts’, then ‘My Profile’, and then switch the ‘Send SMS’ feature to on. Messages can then be sent to Android phones by a person using voice on an Alexa device.

The service allows the sender to specify whether they would like to send the message just as a text / SMS, or as a general message which will be sent to Alexa devices first, and then as SMS if the intended recipient does not have an Alexa device.

What Does This Mean For Your Business?

This new service seems to be an inevitable way to build upon the strengths of the Amazon Echo system, is consistent with its ‘Amazon Everywhere’ philosophy, and brings Alexa closer to Siri and Google Assistant in the voice messaging department. Although it takes the communication aspect of Alexa one step further, some critics have pointed at some limitations of the new service which are that it can’t be used to text 911, or to participate in group messages or send MMS, and users are limited to what they can do when they can’t actually see the chats anyway.

For businesses, this service may become especially useful when combined with Amazon’s plans to launch Alexa for Business – a small businesses-focused version of the Echo for the workplace. Amazon’s Echo dominates the voice-assistant market with a more than 70% share, and Alexa for business will have many useful functions from booking meeting rooms, reporting IT issues, providing directions around a building, and answering questions about the business, to enabling employees to make calls, manage calendars, run to-do lists, and set reminders. A voice-activated SMS service via a workplace Echo could, therefore, add value, save time and save costs.

Tech Tip: Malware Protection With Windows 10

As the Malwarebytes annual State of Malware report shows, malware is a popular tool used by cyber criminals. With this in mind, “Windows Defender” on Windows 10 can help you to adopt a multi-layered approach to protect your systems.

Windows Defender is a security tool that can be set up to block malware attacks in real time, or it can perform a scan when you need it. To use it:

  1. Type “Windows Defender” into your taskbar
  2. Select Windows Defender app
  3. Make sure Real-time protection is on.

Tech Tip: Windows 10 – Create Multiple Desktops

If your work involves having different jobs that need different sets of apps, or if you need to have lots of different things open and you only have one monitor, you may find that it helps to create multiple desktops.

To create multiple desktops:

  • Click on the task view button next to the search bar on the taskbar.
  • Go to the button at the bottom-right corner of your screen labelled ‘+ New desktop.’
  • Click on this to create a new desktop.
  • To switch between desktops, click on the task view button and then, click on either of the thumbnails at the foot of the screen.

Nominet To Walk Away From Own Charitable Trust

Questions about Nominet Trust’s direction and accountability have led to Nominet announcing that it is withdrawing from its own charitable foundation that it set up over a decade ago.

What Is Nominet Trust?

Nominet Trust is the charitable foundation that was set up by Nominet, the UK’s domain-name registry, as a way of dealing with the excess revenue from registrations of .uk domain names.

What’s Gone Wrong?

An email sent by Nominet CEO Russell Haworth cites problems with the Trusts “grant-giving, single funder model” which was set up in 2008, as being at the heart of the reason for Nominet wanting to walk away from its own Trust.

It has been reported, however, that some members of the Trust became concerned that, rather than using the money from .uk to find good causes, money may have been used to fund unrelated business expansions, including loss-making ventures.

There was also concern after Nominet raised its prices by 50% for reasons that were unclear to many, and that contacts Nominet had signed to run dozens of new domain registries, may have been won by offering below-market rates.

The announcement of the move away from the Trust by Nominet was accompanied by the resignation of the chair of trustees Natalie Campbell, and by two of its directors, former Nominet board member Nora Nanayakkara, and Jemima Rellie.

Trouble At The Top?

There appears to have been a history of trouble at the top at Nominet with previous CEO, Lesley Cowley, reportedly giving the board members more power over the funds.

Some commentators have noted that the arrival of new Chief Executive Russell Haworth, a former acquisition and venture specialist with no experience of the domain name registry market, brought more of a shift from non-profit with a strong public benefit remit to a profit-seeking investment vehicle.

Mr Haworth’s arrival in 2015 also coincided with the resignation of the entire Nominet Trust team, including the chief executive, chair, several trustees, and most of its senior staff.

It has also been noted that under Haworth’s leadership, the organization appeared to ignore the recommendations of an independent study into its governance that would have given members a greater say in Nominet’s direction.

What Now?

Nominet’s CEO has stated that the Nominet Trust should now be free to attract other investors in order to fulfil its social tech ambitions, which means that the Trust will become a separate entity with a new name, and with different governance and funding structures. The Trust is reported to be in a healthy financial position and is continuing running its programmes.
Nominet is still willing to be involved as a member of the Trust during the transition period.

It is thought that the new version of the Nominet Trust will be led by new Chair Bill Liao, who joined the Board back in 2014. It is reported that Mr Liao has the full support of Trustees Sebastien Lahtinen, Beth Murray and Hannah Keartland.

What Does This Mean For Your Business?

It seems that a change in CEO, the focus way Nominet now does business, and most probably the culture (after resignations) and power shifts, and led to questions which, in turn led to the registry and its Trust going their separate ways.

Nominet was set up as a non-profit, public-interest, government-designed operator of the UK’s internet registry, and the Trust was set up to make use of money for good, charitable causes. It is important that organisational structures of this kind maintain accountability and transparency, and that the original charitable focus of Trusts is protected by members who have enough power.

Although businesses and charities need strong leadership, too much power at the top, and power and focus wasted on internal struggles can cause problems for the health of an organisation. As it stands, Nominet has a stable annual revenue of £30m, and the Trust (and the good causes it gives to) have benefitted from £44m since 2008. The hope is, therefore, that the change will mean stability restored to the Trust and that any problems with direction and accountability can be investigated and put right.

10% of Cryptocurrency ICOs Are Stolen

A report by Ernst & Young has highlighted the fact that 10% of all funds raised through Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) are stolen by hackers using techniques such as Phishing.

What Is An ICO?

An Initial Coin Offering (ICO) is a controversial way of start-up companies raising money / crowd funding to build new technology platforms or to fund businesses that use crypto currencies (also called tokens), and the underlying blockchain technology. The tokens only become functional units of currency if / when the ICO’s funding goal is met, and the project finally launches.

The controversy about ICOs centres around the fact that, although it is an innovative new source of venture funding, some commentators view ICO projects as unregulated securities that allow their founders to raise an unjustified amounts of capital, and that valuations of ICO tokens may be driven too much by the fear of missing out and, therefore, seem to result in investors rushing to put money into projects that ignore some important market fundamentals, such as project development.

$400 Million Stolen

After analysing more than 372 ICOs, Ernst & Young has reported that approximately $400 million of the total $3.7 billion funds raised to date has been stolen by hackers. The most widely used technique to steal the digital cryptocurrency funds was found to be Phishing, resulting in the theft of $1.5 million in ICO proceeds per month.

ICOs are an opportunity for scammers because they are able to take advantage of the promise of people making a huge return from a relatively low investment.

As well as scammers taking money, the study also found that underlying software code in some projects contains hidden investment terms that have not been disclosed, or that contradict previous disclosures e.g. saying there will be no further issuance of a cryptocurrency, while the code may leave that option open.

Challenges To Reaching Targets For ICOs

The Ernst & Young research shows that the volume of ICOs has been slowing since late 2017, with less than 25% reaching their target in November 2017, compared with 90% in June. Recent ICOs have faced challenges in reaching their targets, a drop in quality i.e. more low quality projects with higher fundraising goals are being presented, and issues from earlier projects are now being highlighted.

Crypto-based investment of choice is therefore waning, organizers and contributors are now facing increased regulatory scrutiny, and they are therefore now under more pressure to prove the longer-term potential of their product or service to an increasingly sceptical audience.

What Does This Mean For Your Business?

A drop in the value of popular cryptocurrency Bitcoin (its value has fallen 12% over 24 hours), added to warnings about investing in cryptocurrencies from the chairman of UBS and warnings by billionaire investor Warren Buffett (who said he would never invest in cryptocurrency), and news reports of scams such as a fake sale con for instant messenger service Telegram to unsuspecting would-be investors have all served as warnings about the risks of cryptocurrencies and of ICOs.

This latest Ernst & Young research has only served to cement that message to businesses and investors, and some commentators now think that ICOs could soon disappear altogether as a viable fundraising option, unless they can address the issue of security urgently and effectively.